MybatisPlus 多租户架构实现 什么是多租户 多租户技术或称多重租赁技术,简称SaaS,是一种软件架构技术,是实现如何在多用户环境下(此处的多用户一般是面向企业用户)共用相同的系统或程序组件,并且可确保各用户间数据的隔离性。 简单讲:在一台服务器上运行单个应用实例,它为多个租户(客户)提供服务。从定义中我们可以理解:多租户是一种架构,目的是为了让多用户环境下使用同一套程序,且保证用户间数据隔离。那么重点就很浅显易懂了,多租户的重点就是同一套程序下实现多用户数据的隔离。
数据隔方案 多租户在数据存储上存在三种主要的方案,分别是:
独立数据库 即一个租户一个数据库,这种方案的用户数据隔离级别最高,安全性最好,但成本较高。
优点:为不同的租户提供独立的数据库,有助于简化数据模型的扩展设计,满足不同租户的独特需求;如果出现故障,恢复数据比较简单。
缺点:增多了数据库的安装数量,随之带来维护成本和购置成本的增加。
共享数据库,独立 Schema 多个或所有租户共享Database,但是每个租户一个Schema(也可叫做一个user)。底层库比如是:DB2、ORACLE等,一个数据库下可以有多个SCHEMA。
优点:为安全性要求较高的租户提供了一定程度的逻辑数据隔离,并不是完全隔离;每个数据库可支持更多的租户数量。
缺点:如果出现故障,数据恢复比较困难,因为恢复数据库将牵涉到其他租户的数据;
共享数据库,共享 Schema,共享数据表 即租户共享同一个Database、同一个Schema,但在表中增加TenantID多租户的数据字段。这是共享程度最高、隔离级别最低的模式。
简单来讲,即每插入一条数据时都需要有一个客户的标识。这样才能在同一张表中区分出不同客户的数据,这也是我们系统目前用到的(provider_id)
优点:三种方案比较,第三种方案的维护和购置成本最低,允许每个数据库支持的租户数量最多。
缺点:隔离级别最低,安全性最低,需要在设计开发时加大对安全的开发量; 数据备份和恢复最困难,需要逐表逐条备份和还原。
利用MyBatisPlus实现 这里我们选用了第三种方案(共享数据库,共享 Schema,共享数据表)来实现,也就意味着,每个数据表都需要有一个租户标识(provider_id)
现在有数据库表(user)如下:
字段名
字段类型
描述
id
BIGINT(20)
主键
provider_id
BIGINT(20)
服务商ID
name
VARCHAR(30)
姓名
将provider_id视为租户ID,用来隔离租户与租户之间的数据,如果要查询当前服务商的用户,SQL大致如下:
1 SELECT * FROM user t WHERE t.name LIKE '%Tom%' AND t.provider_id = 1 ;
试想一下,除了一些系统共用的表以外,其他租户相关的表,我们都需要不厌其烦的加上AND t.provider_id = ?查询条件,稍不注意就会导致数据越界,数据安全问题让人担忧。
好在有了MybatisPlus这个神器,可以极为方便的实现多租户SQL解析器,官方文档地址http://mp.baomidou.com/guide/tenant.html
这里终于进入了正题,开始搭建一个极为简单的开发环境吧!
开发环境搭建 新建SpringBoot环境
POM文件如下,主要集成了MybatisPlus以及H2数据库(方便测试)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.wuwenze</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-plus-multi-tenancy</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > <packaging > jar</packaging > <name > mybatis-plus-multi-tenancy</name > <description > Demo project for Spring Boot</description > <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 2.1.0.RELEASE</version > <relativePath /> </parent > <properties > <project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding > <project.reporting.outputEncoding > UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding > <java.version > 1.8</java.version > </properties > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId > <scope > test</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.projectlombok</groupId > <artifactId > lombok</artifactId > <scope > provided</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.google.guava</groupId > <artifactId > guava</artifactId > <version > 19.0</version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.baomidou</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 3.0.5</version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.baomidou</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-plus</artifactId > <version > 3.0.5</version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.baomidou</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-plus-generator</artifactId > <version > 3.0.5</version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.h2database</groupId > <artifactId > h2</artifactId > </dependency > </dependencies > <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > </plugin > </plugins > </build > </project >
数据源配置(application.yml)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 spring: datasource: driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver schema: classpath:db/schema.sql data: classpath:db/data.sql url: jdbc:h2:mem:test username: root password: test logging: level: com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy: debug
对应的H2数据库初始化schema文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user ;CREATE TABLE user ( id BIGINT (20 ) NOT NULL COMMENT '主键' , provider_id BIGINT (20 ) NOT NULL COMMENT '服务商ID' , name VARCHAR (30 ) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名' , PRIMARY KEY (id ) ); INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (1 , 1 , 'Tony老师' );INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (2 , 1 , 'William老师' );INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (3 , 2 , '路人甲' );INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (4 , 2 , '路人乙' );INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (5 , 2 , '路人丙' );INSERT INTO user (id , provider_id, name ) VALUES (6 , 2 , '路人丁' );
MyBatisPlus Config
基础环境搭建完成,现在开始配置MybatisPlus多租户相关的实现。
核心配置:TenantSqlParser
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 @Configuration @MapperScan ("com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper" )public class MybatisPlusConfig { private static final String SYSTEM_TENANT_ID = "provider_id" ; private static final List<String> IGNORE_TENANT_TABLES = Lists.newArrayList("provider" ); @Autowired private ApiContext apiContext; @Bean public PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor () { PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor = new PaginationInterceptor(); TenantSqlParser tenantSqlParser = new TenantSqlParser() .setTenantHandler(new TenantHandler() { @Override public Expression getTenantId () { Long currentProviderId = apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(); if (null == currentProviderId) { throw new RuntimeException("#1129 getCurrentProviderId error." ); } return new LongValue(currentProviderId); } @Override public String getTenantIdColumn () { return SYSTEM_TENANT_ID; } @Override public boolean doTableFilter (String tableName) { return IGNORE_TENANT_TABLES.stream().anyMatch((e) -> e.equalsIgnoreCase(tableName)); } }); paginationInterceptor.setSqlParserList(Lists.newArrayList(tenantSqlParser)); return paginationInterceptor; } @Bean (name = "performanceInterceptor" ) public PerformanceInterceptor performanceInterceptor () { return new PerformanceInterceptor(); } }
ApiContext
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Component public class ApiContext { private static final String KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID = "KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID" ; private static final Map<String, Object> mContext = Maps.newConcurrentMap(); public void setCurrentProviderId (Long providerId) { mContext.put(KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID, providerId); } public Long getCurrentProviderId () { return (Long) mContext.get(KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID); } }
Entity、Mapper
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @Data @ToString @Accessors (chain = true )public class User { private Long id; private Long providerId; private String name; } public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper <User > {}
单元测试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 @Slf 4j@RunWith (SpringRunner.class ) @FixMethodOrder (MethodSorters .JVM ) @SpringBootTest (classes = MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplication.class ) public class MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests { @Autowired private ApiContext apiContext; @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Before public void before () { apiContext.setCurrentProviderId(1L ); } @Test public void insert () { User user = new User().setName("新来的Tom老师" ); Assert.assertTrue(userMapper.insert(user) > 0 ); user = userMapper.selectById(user.getId()); log.info("#insert user={}" , user); Assert.assertEquals(apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(), user.getProviderId()); } @Test public void selectList () { userMapper.selectList(null ).forEach((e) -> { log.info("#selectList, e={}" , e); Assert.assertEquals(apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(), e.getProviderId()); }); } }
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2019-08-01 21:07:14.262 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : Started MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests in 2.629 seconds (JVM running for 3.904) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.554 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO user (id, name, provider_id) VALUES (?, ?, 1) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.577 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : ==> Parameters: 1068129257418178562(Long), 新来的Tom老师(String) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.577 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : <== Updates: 1 Time:0 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.insert Execute SQL:INSERT INTO user (id, name, provider_id) VALUES (?, ?, 1) {1: 1068129257418178562, 2: STRINGDECODE('\u65b0\u6765\u7684Tom\u8001\u5e08')} 2019-08-01 21:07:14.585 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : ==> Preparing: SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 AND id = ? 2019-08-01 21:07:14.595 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : ==> Parameters: 1068129257418178562(Long) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.614 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : <== Total: 1 2019-08-01 21:07:14.615 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #insert user=User(id=1068129257418178562, providerId=1, name=新来的Tom老师) Time:19 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.selectById Execute SQL:SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 AND id = ? {1: 1068129257418178562} 2019-08-01 21:07:14.626 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : ==> Preparing: SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 Time:0 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.selectList Execute SQL:SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 2019-08-01 21:07:14.629 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : ==> Parameters: 2019-08-01 21:07:14.630 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : <== Total: 3 2019-08-01 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=1, providerId=1, name=Tony老师) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=2, providerId=1, name=William老师) 2019-08-01 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=1068129257418178562, providerId=1, name=新来的Tom老师)
从打印的日志不难看出,这个方案相当完美,仅需简单的配置,让开发者完全忽略了(provider_id)字段的存在,同时又最大程度的保证了数据的安全性,可谓是一举两得!
参考资料